Art of manufacturing type-bars.



F. H. RICHARDS.

ART 0)? MANUFACTURING TYPE BARS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14, 1909. MWMUW Patented Jan.25,1910.

4 SHEBTS -SHEET 1.

F; H. RICHARDS. ART or MANUFACTURING TYPE BARS.

" APPLIOATIOH FILED JULY 14, 1909. 947,760 Patented Jan. 25, 1910.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

F. H. RICHARDS.

ART OF MANUFACTURING TYPE BARS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14. 1909. V

Patented-Jan. 25, 1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

'F. H. RICHARDS.

ART OF MANUFACTURING TYPE BARS. APPLICATION FILED JULY 14,1909.

947,760.. -Patented Jan 25,1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

c. 5w a. swim can mmumOGMins. WASHINGTON. a

TES i i i FRANCIS I-I. RICHARDS, 0F HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

ART OF MANUFACTURING TYPE-BARS.

Whit/6d.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States,residing in l-Iartford, in the county of Hartford and State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in theArt of h'lanufacturing Type-Bars, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to typebars and has for an object improvements inthe art of manufacturing the same In shaping type heads by pressure itis desirable to use metal or other material from which the type head isto be formed of such suitable consistency that upon the inauguration ofpressing the material will be readily workable, to the end that the dieor other tool employed may produce a well formed character upon the bar.During the process of manufacture the type face will. of course becompacted, but the compacting is in many instances localand the body ofthe typebar, if made out of the same consistency of metal of which theface or head is made, would be rather soft for the uses for whichit maybe employed; consequently it has been found desirable to superimpose atype head of readily workable material upon a body having a consistencywhich will be sufficient to maintain it against the pressure offormation and against the pressures to which it would be subjected whenin use, among which pressures are that incident to locking up in a formand printing or impressing which the type will be called upon to performwhen in use.

For economical purposes it is found desirable when the typebars are tobe made of type-metal to employ for the type head a comparatively thinstrip of typemetal sufficiently soft to permit the dies to readily workthe same and fashion the types or characters thereon and to impose suchstrip upon a body piece made out of the same metal as the head, butharder or more compact than such head. The use of the same kind of metalfor both portions makes it practical and economical, for after use thewhole bar may be thrown into the pot and both parts melted up togetherand either heads or body pieces may be made from the metal therein,vthussaving the material and avoiding the necessity of separation whichwould be necessary were bases of material different from the material ofthe heads employed. The body piece may be provided Specification ofLetters Patent.

Application filed July 14, 1909.

Patented J an. 25, 19M).

Serial No. 507,528.

with a channel upon its type-carrying side and the type head or face, orthe stock from which it is made, may have a feather or web adapted tomate therewith. The channel may be undercut or dovetailed so that uponpressure being applied to the face portion the flowage of the metal willcause expansion of the feather or web, whereupon it will assume a formcorresponding to the shape of the channel and will hold the twopertions. together.

In practice it may be found desirable to cut or form the body piecesinto the length of the lines or bars which it is purposed to make and tofeed them to the carrier of the machine, assuming that in practice amachine will generally be employed, but it may be found desirable toemploy and to feed the stock for the face or head from a roller or reel.The top face of type-carrying face of the body piece may be troughedtoward the channel whereby in the process of manufacture the flowage ofthe face piece is controlled and the dies which are employed will have atendency to swage such edges inward. The fiowage from the head portioncaused by the dies will form cavities on such face and the flowage fromsuch cavities will encroach upon the channel and embed themselves intothe feather or web, whereby endwise movement of one of the portions ofthe bar relatively to the other will be avoided. One edge of the die orside of the die may be extended so that it will create a displacement ofmetal greater than could normally be produced by a plane face toaccentuate the feature of displacement and locking, also to form a dambetween the completed type and the point of operation,

thus preventing any dislodgement of the completed type by thedisplacement of metal incident to the formation of the next or anysucceeding type.

For the proper forming of the face of the type it may be found desirableto produce oscillations between the die and blank, which oscillationsmay, and in the present instance are, shown as imparted to the bar insuch a manner that during its advance the length of excursion ofoscillation is gradually reduced and at the final period of pressure theblank is held from oscillation, as it is also so held upon withdrawalfrom the die whereby the type face is left by the die square and true.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification,Figure l is a perspective view of a bar showing a mode of carrying outmy invention; such bar is shown in the process of formation and partlybroken away. Fig. 2 is a perspective View of a form of strip which maybe employed for a face or type head. Fig. 3 is a perspective View of aform of bar which may be employed for a body piece. Fig. 4 shows apartly formed bar with a die in the position of finishing a type; thebody piece is shown split in half. Fig. 5 is a cross section through aformed bar. Fig. 6 is a side view of a form of machine which may beemployed in the practice of this invention. Fig. 7 is a view from theright-hand end of Fig. 6; and Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail showing indiagram the relative advance of the die and bar during the formationthereof.

The body piece or portion 9 of the typebar will be made of some suitablemetal or material, which may if desired be type-metal. The body piecewill be provided upon its type-carrying face with a channel 10. Theedges 11 may slightly overhang the channel, and the faces 13 adjacent tothe channel 10 are shown as sloping toward the channel, makingsubstantially a trough. The stock from which the type-bearing face orthe type head piece is to be formed is shown as comprising a bodyportion 14 having a web or wing 15 depending therefrom of such a shapethat it will enter the channel 10, mating therewith for loose assemblageand the underside 16 of the bar is shown formed to mate with the faces18 of the body piece, the sides 12 of which, however, are shown assubstantially parallel.

In Fig. 4 a die, which may be one of a series or set of dies designatedin a general way by 17, is shown as mounted by means of a pin 18 in adie-carrier 19 and the die having a face 20, (see Fig. 8,) on an angleto the face of the type which it is contemplated to form, whichformation of die will produce a considerable displacement of the metalof the head piece or face portion. Upon application of pressure the typewill be formed and the fiowage of the head portion will expand the wingor web, making it closely conform to the contour of the channel 10 andthe edges of the projecting portion of the die will depress the metal ofthe head as shown at 21. The flowage of metal from such depression willforce depressions 22, by flowage, in the faces 13 and will also have atendency to swage over the portions 11 of the walls of the channelwhereby a grip is had upon the wing or web of the head piece. Thus notonly is the bar as to its constituent parts interlocked to preventdisassemblage, but also looked to prevent the head from sliding out ofthe groove of the body endwise thereof.

The form of apparatus herein illustrated may be found convenient for usein carrying out the method hereof, which apparatus is shown as mountedupon a convenient frame 25. The type-dies 17 carried by the carrier 19which is in the present instance illustrated as rotary and mounted upona. shaft 26 carried by a bearing 27 supported by a standard 28 of themachine frame, upon which shaft 26 is mounted a knurled head orhand-wheel 29 whereby the carrier may be shifted, which head has uponits hub 30 characters corresponding to or indicating the various diesupon the carrier. The standard 28 also bears a projecting portion 31through which is shiftable a latch or bolt 32 having a handle 33, whichbolt is organized to enter recesses 84 in the carrier to lock the samein the position to which it has been shifted. Suitable means, here shownas a spring 85, may be employed for holding the latch in its lockedposition.

The typebar-blanks are to be placed in a suitable carriage, which in thepresent instance is shiftable upon ways 36 of the machine frame andwhich carriage comprises a body portion 37 having guides 38 shiftableupon such ways and is provided with standards 39 in which blocks 40 areshiftable, and by which blocks pivots 41 of a cradle 42 are carried. Thepivots are fastened to the cradle by means of plates 43 secured byscrews 44 to the body of the cradle. This form of machine contemplatesthe body pieces of the typebar being made up into lengths and eachlength placed into the cradle and secured in position by means ofsuitable set-screws 45 and to have the head piece 14 fed from a reel 46,the shaft 47 of which is borne by forked arms 48 of a standard 49projecting from the machine frame, a suitable brake 50 being employed toprevent the stock unwinding faster than it is called for. In order thatthe stock of the head piece may be properly straightened out it isreceived from the reel between a pair of upright rolls 51 which willstraighten the sides thereof. It is also received between a pair ofrolls 52 which will straighten it further and lead it onto the bodypiece. The sides of the cradle may extend as high as the top face of thebody piece and afford lateral support thereto and also control. theflowage thereof, inducing it to encroach upon the web of the head piece.

The lower portions of the slides 40 are provided with wedge faces 53mating with wedge faces 54 carried by bars 55 sliding upon flat faces 56of the carriage and which bars are shown as provided with racks 57mating with sectors 58 splined upon a rockshaft 59 which has fastthereon an arm 60 to which is pivoted a link 61 having a yoke 62embracing a driver-shaft (33 carried by suitable bearings of the machineframe, and upon which driver-shaft is fast a driver (34 for throwingsuch link and return the same, which in the present instance is shown asa cam-wheel having a groove 65 in which a roller 66 carried by a yoke 62travels, the cam-groove 65 having walls for throwing the roll in bothdirections. The drivershaft 63 may be driven by any suitable source ofpower, here shown as a hand-crank 67.

The carriage may be advanced past the dies by means of nuts or femalescrews 68 (connected thereto which mate with a screwshaft 69 held fromlongitudinal movement and having some suitable means, here shown as ahandcrank 70, to rotate the same and feed the blank.

For the purpose of oscillating the typebar while in the process ofmanufacture a guidebox 71 is shown as pivoted to the standard of themachine and having guides or ways 72 thereon upon which is shiftablymounted a slide 73 having pivoted thereto at 74; a link 75 which has aneye 76 embracing a bar 77 carried by the cradle and which bar will movethrough the eye as the cradle is advanced with its carriage by the feed.Suitable standards 78 may be employed for supporting the link 75 uponeach side and preventing it from traveling with the carriage. The block71 is shown as having a projecting portion 7 9 which has a slot in ithaving faces 80 which embrace a crank-pin 81 upon a shaft 82, whichshaft is driven in the present instance by means of a pulley 83 rotatedfrom some suitable source of power, not shown. In the position shown inFig. 7 the pivot 74 is in concentricity with the pivot of the block 71,whereby the oscillations of such block will not be imparted to thecradle, but upon shifting the slide 73 upon the ways 72 and moving itoff the center of the oscillations of the block 71 oscillations will beimparted to the cradle. The shift in this direction owing to the presentorganization of the machine is, so far as work is concerned, idle,because the drivers, owing to their timing, will have removed the workfrom contact with the die. For shifting such block there is shown a link84 pivoted at- 85 to the link 7 5 and having a forked end 86 embracingthe driver-shaft with a roll 87 riding up on a driver, in the presentinstance an eccentric 8S. Suitable means may be employed for returningthe block to its normal or initial position, in the present instance theextreme eccentricity to the center of the block 71, which is hereinshown as a spring 89. The organization is such that the means forcontrolling the advance of the blank toward. the working point will alsocontrol the oscillation of the blank, and as the blank nearly finishesits movement of pressure the oscillation will cease, during which movement and also as the bar is drawn away from the die the cradle will belocked from oscillation. After a length of the body piece has hadimposed thereon a length of type heads the stock for such type heads maybe severed in some convenient .manner. There is shown herein a shearingdevice which comprises a knife blade 90 adjacent to the position whichwill be occupied by the end of the bar after the completion of thecharacters thereon, which blade is carried by a hand-lever 91 pivoted at92 to the machine frame and having an extension end 93 bearing a pin 94pivoted thereto at 05, which pin enters a guide 96 and has surroundingit a spring 97 for the purpose of returning the blade to its normal orinactive position.

By reference to Fig. 8 it will be see how the types are formed upon thebar and the various steps it were, which the material will pass throughduring the formation of a type. The line 100 shows the extreme outermovement of the side of the bar, during which movement the side of thetype head indicated by the line 101 will be moved away from the walls102 of the cavity of the die and the opposite side 103 of the bar orhead will be squeezed against the walls 10% of the cavity of the, dieand pressed into shape. The bar will then be caused to assume theposition shown by the line 105, whereupon the side 103 of the bar willmove away from the cavity wall 104 of the die, assuming the positionindicated by the dotted lines 106 and the side 107 of the head will besqueezed against the walls 102 of the die cavity, which opening andclosing will follow each other alternately until the completion orapproximate completion of the type. Certain portions of the metal willbe pressed away, as shown at 108 and 109, by the action of the die,which may be trimmed off in some convenient man ner, and at the point ofcontact between the stock for the head and stock for the body there willbe a certain flowage, as at 110, which may also be removed.

By the use of a die forn'ied as herein shown the displacement of themetal of the head piece is in a direction away from the j completed partof the bar. The side 111 of the die, (see Fig. 4,) cuts straight downpast the type last formed and does not permit any appreciable flowage ofmetal from the point of operation toward the portion of the bar whichhas been completed. All lateral displacement will be toward the stock,whereby after having once been positioned and formed the furtheroperation will not tend to disturb the position of the type which hasbeen formed. Any movement of the metal other than the movements ofinterlocking will be thrown toward the stock, where such movements willnot be attended with injurious consequences.

In operating upon the type head portion in the manner above describednot only is the flowage directed longitudinally of the bar and towardthe unworked upon or stop end thereof but there is a certain amount ofaugmentation or acceleration of the fiowage oractivity created withinthe portion of the material which is acted upon at that time by the die.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. The art of producing typebars which consists in juxtapositioning asoft and a hard piece of metal, forming types in succession upon thesoft piece, and contemporaneously swaging the portion of the soft piecewhich is having a type forced upon it against the bar piece.

2. The art of producing typebars which consists of juxtapositioning apiece of soft metal and a piece of hard metal, forming types upon thesoft metal, at the same time distorting the soft metal against the hardmetal and thereby swaging the hard metal against the soft metal atsuccessive points corresponding to the types produced upon the bar.

3. The art of producing typebars which consists of juxtapositioning acomparatively soft piece of metal and a relatively hard piece having arecess to receive a portion of the soft piece; forming types upon thesoft piece, and swaging the sides of the recess of the hard pieceagainst the soft piece at successive points along the length of the bar.

l. The art of producing typebars which consists of placing acomparatively soft head piece upon a relatively hard body piece having arecess to receive a portion of the head piece; forming types upon thehead piece; and swaging the same against the body piece at successivepoints and thereby swaging the sides of the recess of the body pieceagainst the head piece at such points.

5. The art of producing typebars which consists in placing a head piecehavinga web upon a body piece having a groove forming, by means of dies,type upon the head upon a body piece having a groove, forming, by themeans of dies, type upon the head piece, causing the metal of the headpiece to flow against the body piece displace the metal thereof and uponsuch displacement to occupy the cavity theretofore occupied by thedisplaced metal.

6. The art of producing typebars which consists in placing a head pieceupon a body piece, applying a die to the face of the head piece andosclllating one relatively to the other, fashioning the type head, andcausing the metal of the head piece to flow against and displaceportions of metal of the face of the body piece from the edges towardthe center line thereof.

7. The art of producing typebars which consists of loosely assembling ahead piece having a web upon a body piece having a groove mating withthe web, forming type upon the head piece and causing the metal of thehead piece to flow against the body piece and swage the wall of thegroove into locking engagement with the sides of the web.

8. The art of producing typebars which consists of loosely assemblingahead piece having a web upon a body piece having a groove mating withthe web, forming type upon the head piece, and swaging the wall of thegroove against the web.

9. The art of producing typebars which consists of loosely assembling ahead piece upon a body piece, forming type upon the head piece. andinterlocking the pieces by reciprocal fiowages.

10. The art of producing typebars which consists of loosely assembling ahead piece upon a body piece, forming type with dies upon the headpiece, and locking the pieces together by mutual interflowage.

11. The art of producing typebars which consists of loosely assembling ahead piece having a web upon a body piece having a groove matingtherewith, forming type upon the head piece, thereby causing the web toexpand, and swaging the wall of the groove into locking engagement withthe sides of the web.

12. The art of producing typebars which consists of assembling anon-fitting headpiece upon a body-piece having a groove therein, formingtypes in succession on the head-piece beginning at one end of thebody-piece and proceeding along the same to the other end of saidbody-piece, the types being formed by subjecting the metal to flowage atthe successive type locations and thereby simultaneously forming thetype and locking the head-piece into permanent engagement with thebody-piece.

13. The art of producing typebars which consists in loosely assembling asoft head piece upon a hard body piece, forming types upon the headpiece at successive intervals and during the formation of each typepreventing the displacement of metal of the headpiece toward thecompleted types, but displacing such metal toward the unworked end ofsaid head piece, such unworkcd end being free to move longitudinally ofthe body piece.

14. The art of producing typebars which consists in loosely assembling asoft head piece upon a hard body piece, then working the head piece forforming types thereon at successive intervals and during each suchworking preventing the displacement of metal from the head piece towardthe completed types.

15. The art of producing typebars which consists in loosely assembling asoft head piece upon a hard body piece, then working the head piece forforming types thereon at successive intervals and during each suchworking preventing the displacement of metal from the head piece towardthe completed types, but directing the displaced metal toward theunworked end of said head piece and maintaining such unworked end freeto move longitudinally of the body piece.

16. The art of producing typebars which consists in juxtapositioning asoft and a hard piece of metal, forming a series of types each insuccession upon the soft piece and swaging the soft piece against thehard piece at each of the several type forming positions.

I 17. The art of producing typebars which consists of loosely assemblinga head piece having a web upon a body piece having a groove providedwith overhanging edges and parallel sides, forming type upon the headpiece and causing the metal of the head piece to flow against the bodypiece and swaging the wall of the groove into locking engagement withthe sides of the web.

18. The art of producing typebars which consists in bringing together asoft and a hard piece of metal and contemporaneously forming types uponsaid soft piece, interlocking said soft and hard pieces and directingthe fiowage incident to such forma tion in a direction away from thefinished types and toward the unworked upon portion of said soft piece.

19. The art of producing typebars which consists in bringing together astrip of soft metal and a strip of hard metal, forming types insuccession at successive locations longitudinally of said strip, andcontemporaneously with the formation of the type upon each of saidlocations swaging the same against the hard piece.

20. The art of producing typebars which consists in bringing together astrip of soft metal and a strip of hard metal, forming types insuccession upon the strip of soft metal, a portion thereof beingconnected to the worked upon portion and to the unworked upon portionthereof, said unworked upon portion being otherwise free from the hardmetal strip.

21. The art of producing typebars which consists in bringing together astrip of soft metal and a strip of hard metal, forming types insuccession upon the strip of soft metal, a portion thereof beingconnected to the worked upon portion and to the unworked upon portionthereof, said unworked upon portion being otherwise free from the saidhard metal strip, and displacing the metal thereof by flowage toward theunworkecl upon portion.

22. The art of producing typebars which consists in bringing together astrip of soft metal and a strip of hard metal, forming types insuccession upon the strip of soft metal, a portion thereof beingconnected to the worked upon portion and to the unworked upon portionthereof, and said unworked upon portion being otherwise free from theother said strip, and displacing the metal thereof by flowage toward theunworked upon portion.

23. The art of producing typebars which consists in bringing together inproper relation a soft and a hard piece of metal, forming types upon thesoft piece, and swaging one piece against the other piece severally ateach of the type forming points.

24. The art of producing typebars which consists in bringing together inproper relation members of a two-piece blank, forming types upon one ofsaid pieces and concurrently swaging one piece against the other at eachof the type forming points and concurrently augmenting the activity ofthe metal in the portion worked upon by the die and directing thedisplaced or fiowage of metal longitudinally of the bar and toward theunworked upon portion thereof.

25. The art of producing typebars which consists in bringing together inproper relation members of a two-piece blank, forming types upon one ofsaid pieces and concurrently swaging each piece against the otherseverally at each of the type forming points and causing the surplusmetal to flow longitudinally of the bar and toward the unworked uponportion thereof.

FRANCIS H. RICHARDS.

Witnesses:

FRED. J. DOLE, CHAS. LYON RUssELL.

